Which protective membranes surround the central nervous system?

The protective membranes that surround the central nervous system are known as the meninges. These specialized membranes play a crucial role in safeguarding the brain and spinal cord from injury and infection, as well as providing structural support. The meninges consist of three distinct layers: the dura mater (the tough outer layer), the arachnoid mater (the middle layer that is web-like), and the pia mater (the delicate innermost layer that closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord).

Each of these layers serves a specific function, with the dura mater offering the strongest protection and the pia mater being involved in the supply of blood and nutrients to the neural tissue. Collectively, the meninges also help to contain and facilitate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions the brain and spinal cord.

The other options refer to different types of membranes and tissues. Synovial membranes line joints and produce synovial fluid for lubrication, serous membranes cover internal organs and line body cavities, and cartilage is a connective tissue that provides support and flexibility but does not serve a protective function for the central nervous system. Understanding the distinct roles of these structures helps clarify why the meninges are the correct answer in relation to the protection of the central